abstract：UNLABELLED:We developed a prototype instrument called the Standoff Biofinder, which can quickly locate biological material in a 500 cm(2) area from a 2 m standoff distance with a detection time of 0.1 s. All biogenic materials give strong fluorescence signals when excited with UV and visible lasers. In addition, the lu...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Misra AK,Acosta-Maeda TE,Sharma SK,McKay CP,Gasda PJ,Taylor GJ,Lucey PG,Flynn L,Abedin MN,Clegg SM,Wiens R

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:In this paper, percolation theory is employed to place tentative bounds on the probability p of interstellar travel and the emergence of a civilization (or panspermia) that colonizes the entire Galaxy. The ensuing ramifications with regard to the Fermi paradox are also explored. In particular, it is suggeste...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Lingam M

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:The search for indisputable traces of life in Archean cherts is of prime importance. However, their great age and metamorphic history pose constraints on the study of molecular biomarkers. We propose a quantitative criterion to document the thermal maturity of organic matter in rocks in general, and Archean ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Delarue F,Rouzaud JN,Derenne S,Bourbin M,Westall F,Kremer B,Sugitani K,Deldicque D,Robert F

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Fluid inclusions trapped in ancient halite can contain a community of halophilic prokaryotes and eukaryotes that inhabited the surface brines from which the halite formed. Long-term survival of bacteria and archaea and preservation of DNA have been reported from halite, but little is known about the distribu...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Wang J,Lowenstein TK,Fang X

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Pascal R

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, studies have shown that there are many similarities between comets and asteroids. In some cases, it cannot even be determined to which of these groups an object belongs. This is especially true for objects found beyond the main asteroid belt. Because of the lack of comet fragments, more progress has b...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Bosiek K,Hausmann M,Hildenbrand G

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We highlight the role of COSPAR and the scientific community in defining and updating the framework of planetary protection. Specifically, we focus on Mars "Special Regions," areas where strict planetary protection measures have to be applied before a spacecraft can explore them, given the existence of environmental c...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Rettberg P,Anesio AM,Baker VR,Baross JA,Cady SL,Detsis E,Foreman CM,Hauber E,Ori GG,Pearce DA,Renno NO,Ruvkun G,Sattler B,Saunders MP,Smith DH,Wagner D,Westall F

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study presents an assay for the detection and quantification of soil metal superoxides and peroxides in regolith and soil. The O2 release (OR) assay is based on the enzymatic conversion of the hydrolysis products of metal oxides to O2 and their quantification by an O2 electrode based on the stoichiometry of the i...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Georgiou CD,Zisimopoulos D,Panagiotidis K,Grintzalis K,Papapostolou I,Quinn RC,McKay CP,Sun HJ

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Permafrost-affected soils are characterized by a high abundance and diversity of methanogenic communities, which are considered suitable model organisms for potential life on Mars. Methanogens from Siberian permafrost have been proven to be highly resistant against divers stress conditions such as subzero te...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Morozova D,Moeller R,Rettberg P,Wagner D

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raman spectroscopy can provide chemical information about organic and inorganic substances quickly and nondestructively with little to no sample preparation, thus making it an ideal instrument for Mars rover missions. The ESA ExoMars planetary mission scheduled for launch in 2018 will contain a miniaturized Raman spec...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Marshall CP,Olcott Marshall A

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Granitoids are silicic rocks that make up the majority of the continental crust, but different models arise for the origins of these rocks. One classification scheme defines different granitoid types on the basis of materials involved in the melting/crystallization process. In this end-member case, granitoids may be d...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Trail D,Tailby ND,Sochko M,Ackerson MR

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge and understanding of the martian environment has advanced greatly over the past two decades, beginning with NASA's return to the surface of Mars with the Pathfinder mission and its rover Sojourner in 1997 and continuing today with data being returned by the Curiosity rover. Reduced carbon, however, is yet to...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Harris LV,Hutchinson IB,Ingley R,Marshall CP,Marshall AO,Edwards HG

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lunar dust toxicity has to be evaluated in view of future manned missions to the Moon. Previous studies on lunar specimens and simulated dusts have revealed an oxidant activity assigned to HO· release. However, the mechanisms behind the reactivity of lunar dust are still quite unclear at the molecular level. In the pr...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Turci F,Corazzari I,Alberto G,Martra G,Fubini B

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both hydrogen and methane are consistently discharged in large quantities in hydrothermal fluids issued from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal fields discovered along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Considering the vast number of these fields discovered or inferred, hydrothermal fluxes represent a significant input of H2 and CH4...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Konn C,Charlou JL,Holm NG,Mousis O

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the suggestion that nucleoside analogues having their nucleobases joined to ribose via a carbon-carbon bond might easily arise prebiotically, the glycosylation of uracil carrying electron-donating substituents (Me, OH, OCH3, NH2) at its 5 or 6 positions was investigated. Of these, only 6-aminouracil gave gly...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Kim HJ,Benner SA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The so-called Fermi paradox claims that if technological life existed anywhere else, we would see evidence of its visits to Earth--and since we do not, such life does not exist, or some special explanation is needed. Enrico Fermi, however, never published anything on this topic. On the one occasion he is known to have...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Gray RH

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than ∼1 Gyr could have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their formation due to the star's extended pre-main sequence phase, provided they form with abundant surface water. Such prolonged runaway greenhouses...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Luger R,Barnes R

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life-detection instruments on future Mars missions may use surfactant solutions to extract organic matter from samples of martian rocks. The thermal and radiation environments of space and Mars are capable of degrading these solutions, thereby reducing their ability to dissolve organic species. Successful extraction a...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Court RW,Sims MR,Cullen DC,Sephton MA

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water is the fundamental molecule for life on Earth. Thus, the search for hibernating life-forms in waterless environments is an important research topic for astrobiology. To date, however, the organizational patterns containing microbial life in extremely dry places, such as the deserts of Earth, the Dry Valleys of A...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Gómez Gómez JM,Medina J,Hochberg D,Mateo-Martí E,Martínez-Frías J,Rull F

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bicarbonate-buffered anoxic vent waters at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are 51-54°C, pH 5.5-6.0, and are very high in dissolved Fe(II) at 5.8-5.9 mg/L. The aqueous Fe(II) is oxidized by a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms and precipitated as primary siliceous nanophase iron ox...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Parenteau MN,Jahnke LL,Farmer JD,Cady SL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abstract We have developed a portable dual-wavelength laser fluorescence spectrometer as part of a multi-instrument optical probe to characterize mineral, organic, and microbial species in extreme environments. Operating at 405 and 532 nm, the instrument was originally designed for use by human explorers to produce a ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Groemer G,Sattler B,Weisleitner K,Hunger L,Kohstall C,Frisch A,Józefowicz M,Meszyński S,Storrie-Lombardi M,Bothe C,Boyd A,Dinkelaker A,Dissertori M,Fasching D,Fischer M,Föger D,Foresta L,Frischauf N,Fritsch L,Fuchs

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding microbial diversity in spacecraft assembly clean rooms is of major interest with respect to planetary protection considerations. A coordinated screening of different clean rooms in Europe and South America by three German institutes [Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Moissl-Eichinger C,Pukall R,Probst AJ,Stieglmeier M,Schwendner P,Mora M,Barczyk S,Bohmeier M,Rettberg P

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initially, Raman spectroscopy was a specialized technique used by vibrational spectroscopists; however, due to rapid advancements in instrumentation and imaging techniques over the last few decades, Raman spectrometers are widely available at many institutions, allowing Raman spectroscopy to become a widespread analyt...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Marshall CP,Olcott Marshall A

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert is one of the driest and most inhospitable places on Earth, where life is most commonly found in the interior of rocks (i.e., endolithic habitats). Due to the extreme dryness, microbial activity in these habitats is expected to be low; however, the rate of carbon cycling within...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Ziolkowski LA,Wierzchos J,Davila AF,Slater GF

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrapyrroles are essential to basic biochemical processes such as electron transfer and photosynthesis. However, it is not known whether these evolutionary old molecules have a prebiotic origin. We have serendipitously obtained pyrroles, which are the corresponding monomers, in laboratory experiments that simulated t...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Fox S,Strasdeit H

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Properties of avenues of transformation and their mutualism with forms of organization in dynamic systems are essential for understanding the evolution of prebiotic order. We have analyzed competition between two avenues of transformation in an A↔B system, using the simulation approach called BiADA (Biotic Abstract Du...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Popa R,Cimpoiasu VM

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Terrestrial moons with masses >0.1 M (symbol in text) possibly exist around extrasolar giant planets, and here we consider the energetics of how they might form. Binary-exchange capture can occur if a binary-terrestrial object (BTO) is tidally disrupted during a close encounter with a giant planet and one of the binar...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Williams DM

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaporation of silica-rich geothermal waters is one of the main abiotic drivers of the formation of silica sinters around hot springs. An important role in sinter structural development is also played by the indigenous microbial communities, which are fossilized and eventually encased in the silica matrix. The combina...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Orange F,Lalonde SV,Konhauser KO

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of chirality in enantioselective autocatalysis for compounds unable to transform according to the Frank-like reaction network is discussed with respect to the controversial limited enantioselectivity (LES) model composed of coupled enantioselective and non-enantioselective autocatalyses. The LES model ca...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Ribó JM,Crusats J,El-Hachemi Z,Moyano A,Blanco C,Hochberg D

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern in many developed countries that school students are turning away from science. However, students may be choosing not to study science and dismissing the possibility of a scientific career because, in the junior secondary years, they gain a false view of science and the work of scientists. There is a ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Fergusson J,Oliver C,Walter MR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raman spectroscopy is being adopted as a nondestructive instrumentation for the robotic exploration of Mars to search for traces of life in the geological record. Here, miniaturized Raman spectrometers of two different types equipped with 532 and 785 nm lasers for excitation, respectively, were compared for the detect...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Vítek P,Jehlička J,Edwards HG,Hutchinson I,Ascaso C,Wierzchos J

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern ecological niches are teeming with an astonishing diversity of microbial life in biofilms closely associated with mineral surfaces, which highlights the remarkable success of microorganisms in conquering the challenges and capitalizing on the benefits presented by the mineral-water interface. Biofilm formation ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Xu J,Campbell JM,Zhang N,Hickey WJ,Sahai N

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The astrobiological significance of certain environment types on Mars strongly depends on the temperature, duration, and chemistry of liquid water that was present there in the past. Recent works have focused on the identification of signs of ancient water on Mars, as it is more difficult to estimate the above-mention...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Kereszturi A

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Ther...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Noblet A,Stalport F,Guan YY,Poch O,Coll P,Szopa C,Cloix M,Macari F,Raulin F,Chaput D,Cottin H

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of an RNA entity capable of synthesizing peptides was a key prebiotic development. It is hypothesized that a precursor of the modern ribosomal exit tunnel was associated with this RNA entity (e.g., "protoribosome" or "bonding entity") from the earliest time and played an essential role. Various compounds...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Fox GE,Tran Q,Yonath A

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemical basis of life involves more than simply the presence of biological molecules; biochemical systems embody a complex network of reactions with characteristic topological features. At the same time, chemical complexity is also present in nonbiological contexts, inviting us to clarify the relationship between...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Jolley C,Douglas T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Parro V,de Diego-Castilla G,Moreno-Paz M,Blanco Y,Cruz-Gil P,Rodríguez-Manfredi JA,Fernández-Remolar D,Gómez F,Gómez MJ,Rivas LA,Demergasso C,Echeverría A,Urtuvia VN,Ruiz-Bermejo M,García-Villadangos M,Postigo M,Sánchez-R

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody microarrays are becoming frequently used tools for analytical purposes. A key factor for optimal performance is the stability of the immobilized (capturing) antibodies as well as those that have been fluorescently labeled to achieve the immunological test (tracers). This is especially critical for long-distan...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： de Diego-Castilla G,Cruz-Gil P,Mateo-Martí E,Fernández-Calvo P,Rivas LA,Parro V

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thermal springs Trollosen and Fisosen, located on the High Arctic archipelago Svalbard, discharge saline groundwaters rich in hydrogen sulfide and ammonium through a thick layer of permafrost. Large amounts of biomass that consist of filamentous microorganisms containing sulfur granules, as analyzed with energy di...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Reigstad LJ,Jorgensen SL,Lauritzen SE,Schleper C,Urich T

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbialites can have complex morphologies that preserve clues to ancient microbial ecology. However, extracting and interpreting these clues is challenging due to both the complexity of microbial structures and the difficulties of connecting morphology to microbial processes. Fenestrate microbialites from the 2521±3...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Stevens EW,Sumner DY,Harwood CL,Crutchfield JP,Hamann B,Kreylos O,Puckett E,Senge P

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00